Wooden pallets are standard warehouse and transport packaging for cargo palletization. Main standards: EUR pallet (800×1200 mm, EPAL certification) and FIN pallet (1000×1200 mm). Load capacity: 1500 kg (top tier) / 2500 kg (bottom tier when stacked). Material: pine, spruce. Phytosanitary treatment according to ISPM 15 standard is mandatory for international transport — heat treatment at 56°C for 30 minutes (HT marking) with IPPC stamp application. Application: warehouse logistics, export packaging, pallet exchange pools. Disposable and reusable pallets. Strapping with strapping tape. EUR pallet construction: 5 top boards (100×22 mm — 3 pcs, 145×22 mm — 2 pcs), 3 cross boards, 9 blocks (145×100×78 mm), 3 bottom boards. Nails: spiral or ring-shank galvanized. Pallet weight: 20–24 kg. ISPM 15 (International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15) is a UN FAO standard requiring treatment of wood packaging to eliminate pests for international transport. Two methods: heat treatment HT (56°C ≥30 min in wood core) or methyl bromide MB (banned in EU). Each pallet bears an IPPC stamp with country code, facility number, and treatment method. Pallet exchange pools (EPAL, CHEP, LPR) are a reusable system: upon delivery, the recipient returns an equivalent number of pallets. Reduces logistics costs by 30–40%. New EUR pallet cost: 8–15 EUR, FIN pallet: 10–18 EUR. Used pallets (1–2 rotations) are 40–60% cheaper. Export documentation: ISPM 15 marking, phytosanitary certificate.