Wood Chips (Fuel & Industrial)
Wood chips are shredded wood with a particle size of 5–50 mm, produced by disc or drum chippers. Fuel chips are used in industrial boilers. Technical chips are used in the production of pulp, particleboard (chipboard), MDF, and OSB. Classification by fraction: P16, P45, P63 (EN ISO 17225-4). Moisture content 30–55%. Bulk density 250–350 kg/m³. Transported by chip trucks or containers. Supplied to pulp and paper mills, board plants, and biomass boilers. Fuel chips are a renewable source of thermal energy. Calorific value: 2.5–3.5 kWh/kg at 35% moisture (depends on wood species and moisture). Ash content 1–3%. Automatic chip boilers with a capacity of 100 kW–10 MW are used for industrial facilities, greenhouse complexes, and district heating plants. Technical chips for pulp mills: particle size 15–25 mm (optimal for pulp cooking). Bark content ≤3%, rot ≤3%, mineral impurities ≤0.5%. Chippers: disc (for large raw material) and drum (for waste). Production of particleboard/MDF/OSB requires chips of specific fraction and moisture: for OSB — long strands 75–150 mm; for particleboard — fraction 5–20 mm; for MDF — fiber (defibration of chips in a refiner). Logistics: chip trucks (body volume 80–120 m³), railway wagons (gondola cars). Bulk density 250–350 kg/m³ requires large transport volume. Storage: open areas with drainage, monitoring of self-heating. Chips from deciduous wood (birch, aspen) burn hotter than coniferous but leave more ash. Coniferous chips are cheaper and more available.
Attributes
| Type | Fuel and Technical |
| Fraction | 5–50 mm (P16, P45, P63) |
| Humidity | 30–55% (fresh) / 20–30% (dried) |
| Bulk density | 250–350 kg/m³ |
| Calorific value (fuel) | 2.5–3.5 kWh/kg (at 35% moisture) |
| Ash content (fuel) | 1–3% |
| Content of the bark (technological) | ≤3% |